Contaminação dos recursos hídricos por micropoluentes emergentes e os possíveis métodos de tratamento para sua remoção
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24221/jeap.8.2.2023.4392.070-085Palavras-chave:
Microcontaminantes emergentes, contaminação hídrica, tratamento de águaResumo
A escassez dos recursos hídricos aliada ao aumento nos níveis de contaminação tem sido alvo de preocupação por toda a comunidade. Recentemente, foram detectados novos compostos poluidores, em concentrações que variam entre ng.L-1 e µ.L-1, denominados de Contaminantes Emergentes (CEs). Essas substâncias são potencialmente prejudiciais ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana, e dificilmente são removidas pelos tratamentos convencionais de água e esgoto. Assim, o estudo objetivou elaborar uma revisão narrativa sobre as principais rotas de entrada dos CEs no ambiente aquático, os efeitos causados pela presença desses poluentes na água, e apresentar soluções de tratamento para a remoção desses contaminantes micropoluentes. Os CEs são introduzidos na água, sobretudo, por meio de fontes antropogênicas (lixiviados de aterros sanitários e esgotos domésticos e industriais) e estão associados à feminilização de animais, doenças neurológicas, reprodutivas e imunológicas, redução da diversidade de microinvertebrados nos rios e extinção de aves. Entre os métodos de tratamento, apresentam destaque na remoção dos CEs da água: o carvão ativado, filtração por membrana, filtração em margem, wetlands, lodos ativados, além dos processos oxidativos avançados. Cada uma dessas técnicas demonstra vantagens e desvantagens, sendo necessário um estudo mais acurado sobre as características do local a ser implantado o tratamento, a fim de determinar a mais adequada àquele ambiente.Downloads
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